DIFFERENCES IN COOPERATION WITH CORPORATE / INSTITUTIONunderstanding CooperativesUnderstanding
cooperative according to Law No. 25 of 1992 is composed of the lines of
business or legal entity with the bases cooperative activities based on
the principles of economic cooperation as well as people's movement is
based on the principle of the family .Cooperative
as a business entity can perform his own activities and can also work
together with other business entities , such as private companies and
state enterprises .The difference between cooperatives and other business entities can be classified as follows :
In terms of organization
Cooperatives are organizations that have a common interest to its members . In carrying out its business , the ultimate power lies in the hands of the cooperative members , while the entity is not cooperative , members are limited to those who have the capital , and in the implementation activities are the highest authority on venture capital owners .
In terms of business objectives
Cooperative aims to meet the needs of its members by serving members of the fairest , while the non-cooperative enterprises are generally intended to benefit .
In terms of the attitude of the business relationship
Always cooperative coordination or cooperation between cooperatives and other cooperative one , while the non-cooperative enterprises often compete with one another .
In terms of business management
Management of the cooperative effort conducted openly , while the entity is not cooperative management efforts conducted in private .
The characteristics of the CooperativeSome characteristics of the cooperative are :
Gatherings of people .
Services according to the profit sharing ratio . Capital services is limited .
The goal lighten the economic burden of members , improve the welfare of its members , in particular and society in general .
Capital is not fixed , it changes according to the number of member savings .
Not concerned with capital income / work effort but membership principles of togetherness .
In a meeting of members of each of their respective members or sounds without regard to the amount of capital each.
Each member is free to enter / exit ( member switch ) so that the cooperatives are not permanent capital .
As with any limited liability company ( PT ), the Cooperative has the form of legal entity .
Running a business
Responsible for the management of cooperatives is .
Cooperative capital is not a collection of some of the people who aim for profit maximization.
Cooperative is a joint effort of family and cooperativeness . Each member is obliged to work together to achieve the goal of welfare of the members .
Losses might be shared among members . If the cooperative suffered a loss , then the members bear joint . Members who are not able to exempt the expense / loss dependents . Losses incurred by members who are able .
purpose CooperativeAccording to Law No. 25 of 1992 Section 3 cooperative aims to promote the welfare of its members in particular and the public in general and to help build the national economy in order to realize an advanced society , just and prosperous based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution . Advantages and Disadvantages of CooperativeThings that become excess cooperatives in Indonesia are :
Is open and voluntary .
The amount of principal and mandatory savings are not burdensome members .
Each member has equal voting rights , not based on the amount of capital
Aiming at improving the welfare of its members and not merely for profit .
Things that become weaknesses cooperatives in Indonesia are :
Cooperative difficult to develop because of limited capital .
Less cakapnya administrators in managing the cooperative .
Administrators sometimes dishonest .
Lack of cooperation between administrators , supervisors and members .
Cooperative examples Credit UnionsCredit unions are cooperatives that function more or less the same as the bank .The difference, credit unions do not take advantage or interest of the members of the borrower . Amount of money actually loaned with the goal of establishing appropriate business agreements made earlier .
Cooperative ProducersProducer cooperative is a cooperative whose members are engaged in the production of goods . Ie , small to medium enterprises ( SMEs ) which established the home industri.Kegiatannya is the procurement of raw materials .
Enterprises / institutionsBusiness entity is a juridical entity ( law ) , technical , and economic aims for profit or gain . Enterprises often equated with the company , although the reality is different . The main difference , the entity is a temporary institution is a place where the company 's enterprises manage the factors of production .Types of Business Entities in IndonesiaØ SOEState Owned Enterprises ( or SOE ) is the capital of business entities wholly or partially owned by the Government . Status of agency employees - business enterprises are SOEs employees are not civil servants . SOE itself now there are 3 kinds Testament , Perum and Persero .Ø PerjanTestament is a form of state-owned enterprises which are wholly owned by the government . This Perjan oriented service to the community , so at a loss . Now there is no state-owned company that uses the model covenants because of the cost to maintain these covenants - covenants in accordance with the Act ( Act ) No. 19 of 2003 on SOEs . Example Testament : PJKA ( Railway Bureau Company ) has now turned into PT.KAIØ HousingHousing is already amended covenants . The goal is no longer oriented to profit oriented service but already . Just like Testament , Public Corporation is managed by state employees with status as a Public Servant . But the company is still losing money despite the status changed to Perum Testament , so the government was forced to sell some shares to the public Housing ( go public ) and converted into a limited company status .
Ø LimitedLimited is one of the enterprises that are managed by the State or Local . In contrast to the Housing or Testament , the first purpose built Persero is for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares . Limited headed by directors . While the employee 's status as private employees . Written business entity PT < company name > ( Persero ) . The company did not acquire state facilities . So from the above description , the characteristics Limited are :
The main objective for profit ( Commercial )
Capital partly or entirely derived from the wealth of a country that separated the stocks
Led by directors
Employee status as private employees
Written business entity PT ( name of company ) (Limited )
Not obtained state
Examples of companies that have a business entity Limited , among others :
PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk .
PT Bank Mandiri ( Persero ) Tbk .
PT Garuda Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Angkasa Pura ( Persero )
Mining and Oil Company PT (Persero )
PT Tambang Bukit Asam ( Persero )
PT Aneka Tambang ( Persero )
PT National Sailing Indonesia ( Persero )
PT PLN ( Persero )
PT Pos Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Kereta Api Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Adhi Karya ( Persero )
PT PLN ( Persero )
Housing Company PT ( Persero )
Waskitha PT Karya ( Persero )
PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia ( Persero )
Ø BUMSPrivate -owned enterprises or private enterprises are enterprises established and financed by a person or group of people . Based on article 33 of the 1945 Constitution , the fields of activity given to the private sector is to manage the economic resources that are not vital and strategic or who do not master the lives of many people . Based on the legal form of private -owned enterprises distinguished by:
Ø Company GuildThe company is a partnership company that has 2 or more investors . There are 3 forms of partnership firm :1 . firmFirma ( Fa ) is a business entity which is established by two or more persons in which each member takes full responsibility for the company . Capital firms as well as the founding members came from earnings / profits distributed to members in accordance with the ratio of the deed of establishment .2 . Guild limited partnershipKommanditgesellschaft ( Commanditaire Vennootschap or CV ) is a partnership founded by two people or more . Guild limited partnership are 2 terms are: Allied is an active member of the lead / run a company and are fully responsible for the debts of the company . Allied passive / ally limited partnership is the only member of the general partner to invest and not to interfere in the affairs of the company's operations . Passive ally responsible for the risks that occur to the extent of invested capital . Gains from the company distributed according to the agreement .Ø Limited CompanyLimited liability company ( PT ) is a business entity whose capital is derived from the sale of shares . Each holder of shares have the right to the company and each holder of shares entitled to profits ( dividends ) .Ø FoundationThe Foundation is a business entity , but not a company for not for profit. This business entity established for the social and legal status .Strengths and Weaknesses of Business Entity1 . individual companiesPros :
The entire profit be his . Form of individual companies allow owners to receive 100 % of profit generated company .
Personal Satisfaction . The principle of leadership is a good reason to take a decision .
Freedom and Flexibility . Owners of private companies do not need to consult with others in making decisions .
Confidentiality properties . No need to be made of financial statements or information related to the company's financial problems . Thus the problem can not be exploited by competitors .
weaknesses :
Unlimited responsibility of the owner . This means that all personal wealth as collateral , including to all the company's debts .
Limited financial resources . Because the owner is only one person , the efforts made to obtain the funding source depends only on ability .
Difficulties in management . All activities such as purchasing , sales , purchases , setting forth the employee and held by a leader . It is more difficult when management held by some people .
Business continuity is not guaranteed . The death of the leader or owner , bankruptcy , or other causes can lead this effort to stop its activities .
2 . Entity Firmexcess
Due to the amount of capital is greater than the individual, firm enterprises to expand their business easier .
The ability of enterprises management firm permbagian higher due to labor among the members . All decisions are taken together .
Firm business entity does not require certificates , so it is relatively easy stance .
weakness
The owner's responsibility is not limited to the company's entire debt .
If a member cancels an agreement to run a joint venture entity will automatically be dissolved firm that corporate sustainability is uncertain .
If one member makes a loss , then the loss is also borne by the other members .
3.Persekutuan Commanditaire ( CV )excess
Greater capital collected .
It easier to receive funds due to the limited partnership alliance enterprises is quite popular in Indonesia .
Greater management capabilities .
Establishment is relatively easy when compared to the limited liability company ( PT ) .
weakness
As I have explained above , some of the members or allies in partnership limited partnership has unlimited liability .
Survival is uncertain .
It's hard to pull back the capital that has been planted , especially for US-led coalition .
4.Perseroan Limited ( PT )excess
Limited liability of the shareholders to the company 's debts . The point is that if you happen to include shareholders and the company has a debt , you are only responsible for your deposited capital . Nothing more .
Continuity of the company as a legal entity is more secure , because not dependent on some owners . Owners can keep changing .
Easy to transfer ownership rights to sell shares to others .
Easy to obtain additional capital to expand its business volume , for example, by issuing new shares .
Management and specialization enables the management of capital resources to it efficiently . So if you have an incompetent manager , you can replace it with a more capable .
weakness
PT is the subject of a separate tax . So not only is the company that is taxable . Dividends or net profits are distributed to shareholders taxed again as income tax . Surely the shareholders concerned .
If you will set up a limited liability company , its establishment is much more difficult than other forms of business ownership . In its inception , the notary deed and PT require special permits for certain businesses .
Formation costs are relatively high .
For most people , the PT is considered less " secret" in the company kitchen . This is because all the activities of the company must be reported to shareholders . Moreover, concerning the company's profit .
5.Perseroan Limited (Persero )The surplusis for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares .
The drawbackis not obtained State and The employees status as private employees
Regional 6.Perusahaan ( PD )The surplusis the company's profits and wealth for local development company separated from the country's wealthThe drawbackManagement of public enterprises is largely determined by the ability of local finance . A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of enterprises . SOE management is economically difficult to be accounted for .
State 7.Perusahaan General ( Housing )The surplus¯ All profits perum State an advantage .¯ Provide services for the community .¯ is the means to carry out the construction .
The drawbackHousing also has a v - Disadvantages Disadvantages are :¯ Management Public Corporation is largely determined by the financial capacity of the State .¯ A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of the Public Corporation .¯ Management Public Corporation is economically difficult to be accounted for .
8.Perusahaan State Bureau ( covenants )excesscovenants are assured that of the state capital . Not for profit ( profit ) for prioritizing service to the community , so that the covenants are not affected by earnings .The drawback ,are less independent as a company included in its development .
9.Koperasiexcess
Earnings management principle aims to foster the interests of members . For example, agricultural cooperatives set up pabik rice milling .
Members of the cooperative role as consumers and producers .
Voluntary basis , people gathered in cooperatives or log in with a volunteer basis .
Prioritize the interests of Members .
shortage
Limitations in the field of capital .
Weak competitiveness .
The low kesaran the member cooperatives .
Ability professionals in the management of the cooperative .
10.YayasanThe surplusis helping people with non-profit socialThe drawbackis the limited funds that need
difference cooperatives and other business entitiesdimension
individual
firm
PT
cooperativeusersservice
not owner
generallynot owner
generallynot owner
General / MembersBusiness Owners
individual
allied effort
holderstock
memberwho hadvoting rights
no need
allies
holderstock
memberimplementationVote
no need
usually bythe amount of capitalinclusion
according to sizeshares heldthrough GMS
one member one vote andNot to be representeddeterminationwisdom
peoplerelevant
allies
management
managementfringe benefitsto capital
not limited
not limited
not limited
limitedreceiverprofit
the person gets
alliesproportionally
shareholderproportionally
corresponding memberservices / participation
In terms of organization
Cooperatives are organizations that have a common interest to its members . In carrying out its business , the ultimate power lies in the hands of the cooperative members , while the entity is not cooperative , members are limited to those who have the capital , and in the implementation activities are the highest authority on venture capital owners .
In terms of business objectives
Cooperative aims to meet the needs of its members by serving members of the fairest , while the non-cooperative enterprises are generally intended to benefit .
In terms of the attitude of the business relationship
Always cooperative coordination or cooperation between cooperatives and other cooperative one , while the non-cooperative enterprises often compete with one another .
In terms of business management
Management of the cooperative effort conducted openly , while the entity is not cooperative management efforts conducted in private .
The characteristics of the CooperativeSome characteristics of the cooperative are :
Gatherings of people .
Services according to the profit sharing ratio . Capital services is limited .
The goal lighten the economic burden of members , improve the welfare of its members , in particular and society in general .
Capital is not fixed , it changes according to the number of member savings .
Not concerned with capital income / work effort but membership principles of togetherness .
In a meeting of members of each of their respective members or sounds without regard to the amount of capital each.
Each member is free to enter / exit ( member switch ) so that the cooperatives are not permanent capital .
As with any limited liability company ( PT ), the Cooperative has the form of legal entity .
Running a business
Responsible for the management of cooperatives is .
Cooperative capital is not a collection of some of the people who aim for profit maximization.
Cooperative is a joint effort of family and cooperativeness . Each member is obliged to work together to achieve the goal of welfare of the members .
Losses might be shared among members . If the cooperative suffered a loss , then the members bear joint . Members who are not able to exempt the expense / loss dependents . Losses incurred by members who are able .
purpose CooperativeAccording to Law No. 25 of 1992 Section 3 cooperative aims to promote the welfare of its members in particular and the public in general and to help build the national economy in order to realize an advanced society , just and prosperous based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution . Advantages and Disadvantages of CooperativeThings that become excess cooperatives in Indonesia are :
Is open and voluntary .
The amount of principal and mandatory savings are not burdensome members .
Each member has equal voting rights , not based on the amount of capital
Aiming at improving the welfare of its members and not merely for profit .
Things that become weaknesses cooperatives in Indonesia are :
Cooperative difficult to develop because of limited capital .
Less cakapnya administrators in managing the cooperative .
Administrators sometimes dishonest .
Lack of cooperation between administrators , supervisors and members .
Cooperative examples Credit UnionsCredit unions are cooperatives that function more or less the same as the bank .The difference, credit unions do not take advantage or interest of the members of the borrower . Amount of money actually loaned with the goal of establishing appropriate business agreements made earlier .
Cooperative ProducersProducer cooperative is a cooperative whose members are engaged in the production of goods . Ie , small to medium enterprises ( SMEs ) which established the home industri.Kegiatannya is the procurement of raw materials .
Enterprises / institutionsBusiness entity is a juridical entity ( law ) , technical , and economic aims for profit or gain . Enterprises often equated with the company , although the reality is different . The main difference , the entity is a temporary institution is a place where the company 's enterprises manage the factors of production .Types of Business Entities in IndonesiaØ SOEState Owned Enterprises ( or SOE ) is the capital of business entities wholly or partially owned by the Government . Status of agency employees - business enterprises are SOEs employees are not civil servants . SOE itself now there are 3 kinds Testament , Perum and Persero .Ø PerjanTestament is a form of state-owned enterprises which are wholly owned by the government . This Perjan oriented service to the community , so at a loss . Now there is no state-owned company that uses the model covenants because of the cost to maintain these covenants - covenants in accordance with the Act ( Act ) No. 19 of 2003 on SOEs . Example Testament : PJKA ( Railway Bureau Company ) has now turned into PT.KAIØ HousingHousing is already amended covenants . The goal is no longer oriented to profit oriented service but already . Just like Testament , Public Corporation is managed by state employees with status as a Public Servant . But the company is still losing money despite the status changed to Perum Testament , so the government was forced to sell some shares to the public Housing ( go public ) and converted into a limited company status .
Ø LimitedLimited is one of the enterprises that are managed by the State or Local . In contrast to the Housing or Testament , the first purpose built Persero is for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares . Limited headed by directors . While the employee 's status as private employees . Written business entity PT < company name > ( Persero ) . The company did not acquire state facilities . So from the above description , the characteristics Limited are :
The main objective for profit ( Commercial )
Capital partly or entirely derived from the wealth of a country that separated the stocks
Led by directors
Employee status as private employees
Written business entity PT ( name of company ) (Limited )
Not obtained state
Examples of companies that have a business entity Limited , among others :
PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk .
PT Bank Mandiri ( Persero ) Tbk .
PT Garuda Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Angkasa Pura ( Persero )
Mining and Oil Company PT (Persero )
PT Tambang Bukit Asam ( Persero )
PT Aneka Tambang ( Persero )
PT National Sailing Indonesia ( Persero )
PT PLN ( Persero )
PT Pos Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Kereta Api Indonesia ( Persero )
PT Adhi Karya ( Persero )
PT PLN ( Persero )
Housing Company PT ( Persero )
Waskitha PT Karya ( Persero )
PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia ( Persero )
Ø BUMSPrivate -owned enterprises or private enterprises are enterprises established and financed by a person or group of people . Based on article 33 of the 1945 Constitution , the fields of activity given to the private sector is to manage the economic resources that are not vital and strategic or who do not master the lives of many people . Based on the legal form of private -owned enterprises distinguished by:
Ø Company GuildThe company is a partnership company that has 2 or more investors . There are 3 forms of partnership firm :1 . firmFirma ( Fa ) is a business entity which is established by two or more persons in which each member takes full responsibility for the company . Capital firms as well as the founding members came from earnings / profits distributed to members in accordance with the ratio of the deed of establishment .2 . Guild limited partnershipKommanditgesellschaft ( Commanditaire Vennootschap or CV ) is a partnership founded by two people or more . Guild limited partnership are 2 terms are: Allied is an active member of the lead / run a company and are fully responsible for the debts of the company . Allied passive / ally limited partnership is the only member of the general partner to invest and not to interfere in the affairs of the company's operations . Passive ally responsible for the risks that occur to the extent of invested capital . Gains from the company distributed according to the agreement .Ø Limited CompanyLimited liability company ( PT ) is a business entity whose capital is derived from the sale of shares . Each holder of shares have the right to the company and each holder of shares entitled to profits ( dividends ) .Ø FoundationThe Foundation is a business entity , but not a company for not for profit. This business entity established for the social and legal status .Strengths and Weaknesses of Business Entity1 . individual companiesPros :
The entire profit be his . Form of individual companies allow owners to receive 100 % of profit generated company .
Personal Satisfaction . The principle of leadership is a good reason to take a decision .
Freedom and Flexibility . Owners of private companies do not need to consult with others in making decisions .
Confidentiality properties . No need to be made of financial statements or information related to the company's financial problems . Thus the problem can not be exploited by competitors .
weaknesses :
Unlimited responsibility of the owner . This means that all personal wealth as collateral , including to all the company's debts .
Limited financial resources . Because the owner is only one person , the efforts made to obtain the funding source depends only on ability .
Difficulties in management . All activities such as purchasing , sales , purchases , setting forth the employee and held by a leader . It is more difficult when management held by some people .
Business continuity is not guaranteed . The death of the leader or owner , bankruptcy , or other causes can lead this effort to stop its activities .
2 . Entity Firmexcess
Due to the amount of capital is greater than the individual, firm enterprises to expand their business easier .
The ability of enterprises management firm permbagian higher due to labor among the members . All decisions are taken together .
Firm business entity does not require certificates , so it is relatively easy stance .
weakness
The owner's responsibility is not limited to the company's entire debt .
If a member cancels an agreement to run a joint venture entity will automatically be dissolved firm that corporate sustainability is uncertain .
If one member makes a loss , then the loss is also borne by the other members .
3.Persekutuan Commanditaire ( CV )excess
Greater capital collected .
It easier to receive funds due to the limited partnership alliance enterprises is quite popular in Indonesia .
Greater management capabilities .
Establishment is relatively easy when compared to the limited liability company ( PT ) .
weakness
As I have explained above , some of the members or allies in partnership limited partnership has unlimited liability .
Survival is uncertain .
It's hard to pull back the capital that has been planted , especially for US-led coalition .
4.Perseroan Limited ( PT )excess
Limited liability of the shareholders to the company 's debts . The point is that if you happen to include shareholders and the company has a debt , you are only responsible for your deposited capital . Nothing more .
Continuity of the company as a legal entity is more secure , because not dependent on some owners . Owners can keep changing .
Easy to transfer ownership rights to sell shares to others .
Easy to obtain additional capital to expand its business volume , for example, by issuing new shares .
Management and specialization enables the management of capital resources to it efficiently . So if you have an incompetent manager , you can replace it with a more capable .
weakness
PT is the subject of a separate tax . So not only is the company that is taxable . Dividends or net profits are distributed to shareholders taxed again as income tax . Surely the shareholders concerned .
If you will set up a limited liability company , its establishment is much more difficult than other forms of business ownership . In its inception , the notary deed and PT require special permits for certain businesses .
Formation costs are relatively high .
For most people , the PT is considered less " secret" in the company kitchen . This is because all the activities of the company must be reported to shareholders . Moreover, concerning the company's profit .
5.Perseroan Limited (Persero )The surplusis for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares .
The drawbackis not obtained State and The employees status as private employees
Regional 6.Perusahaan ( PD )The surplusis the company's profits and wealth for local development company separated from the country's wealthThe drawbackManagement of public enterprises is largely determined by the ability of local finance . A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of enterprises . SOE management is economically difficult to be accounted for .
State 7.Perusahaan General ( Housing )The surplus¯ All profits perum State an advantage .¯ Provide services for the community .¯ is the means to carry out the construction .
The drawbackHousing also has a v - Disadvantages Disadvantages are :¯ Management Public Corporation is largely determined by the financial capacity of the State .¯ A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of the Public Corporation .¯ Management Public Corporation is economically difficult to be accounted for .
8.Perusahaan State Bureau ( covenants )excesscovenants are assured that of the state capital . Not for profit ( profit ) for prioritizing service to the community , so that the covenants are not affected by earnings .The drawback ,are less independent as a company included in its development .
9.Koperasiexcess
Earnings management principle aims to foster the interests of members . For example, agricultural cooperatives set up pabik rice milling .
Members of the cooperative role as consumers and producers .
Voluntary basis , people gathered in cooperatives or log in with a volunteer basis .
Prioritize the interests of Members .
shortage
Limitations in the field of capital .
Weak competitiveness .
The low kesaran the member cooperatives .
Ability professionals in the management of the cooperative .
10.YayasanThe surplusis helping people with non-profit socialThe drawbackis the limited funds that need
difference cooperatives and other business entitiesdimension
individual
firm
PT
cooperativeusersservice
not owner
generallynot owner
generallynot owner
General / MembersBusiness Owners
individual
allied effort
holderstock
memberwho hadvoting rights
no need
allies
holderstock
memberimplementationVote
no need
usually bythe amount of capitalinclusion
according to sizeshares heldthrough GMS
one member one vote andNot to be representeddeterminationwisdom
peoplerelevant
allies
management
managementfringe benefitsto capital
not limited
not limited
not limited
limitedreceiverprofit
the person gets
alliesproportionally
shareholderproportionally
corresponding memberservices / participation
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