DIFFERENCES IN COOPERATION WITH CORPORATE / INSTITUTION

DIFFERENCES IN COOPERATION WITH CORPORATE / INSTITUTIONunderstanding CooperativesUnderstanding cooperative according to Law No. 25 of 1992 is composed of the lines of business or legal entity with the bases cooperative activities based on the principles of economic cooperation as well as people's movement is based on the principle of the family .Cooperative as a business entity can perform his own activities and can also work together with other business entities , such as private companies and state enterprises .The difference between cooperatives and other business entities can be classified as follows :

    In terms of organization
Cooperatives are organizations that have a common interest to its members . In carrying out its business , the ultimate power lies in the hands of the cooperative members , while the entity is not cooperative , members are limited to those who have the capital , and in the implementation activities are the highest authority on venture capital owners .

    In terms of business objectives
Cooperative aims to meet the needs of its members by serving members of the fairest , while the non-cooperative enterprises are generally intended to benefit .

    In terms of the attitude of the business relationship
Always cooperative coordination or cooperation between cooperatives and other cooperative one , while the non-cooperative enterprises often compete with one another .

    In terms of business management
Management of the cooperative effort conducted openly , while the entity is not cooperative management efforts conducted in private .
The characteristics of the CooperativeSome characteristics of the cooperative are :

    Gatherings of people .
    Services according to the profit sharing ratio . Capital services is limited .
    The goal lighten the economic burden of members , improve the welfare of its members , in particular and society in general .
    Capital is not fixed , it changes according to the number of member savings .
    Not concerned with capital income / work effort but membership principles of togetherness .
    In a meeting of members of each of their respective members or sounds without regard to the amount of capital each.
    Each member is free to enter / exit ( member switch ) so that the cooperatives are not permanent capital .
    As with any limited liability company ( PT ), the Cooperative has the form of legal entity .
    Running a business
    Responsible for the management of cooperatives is .
    Cooperative capital is not a collection of some of the people who aim for profit maximization.
    Cooperative is a joint effort of family and cooperativeness . Each member is obliged to work together to achieve the goal of welfare of the members .
    Losses might be shared among members . If the cooperative suffered a loss , then the members bear joint . Members who are not able to exempt the expense / loss dependents . Losses incurred by members who are able .
purpose CooperativeAccording to Law No. 25 of 1992 Section 3 cooperative aims to promote the welfare of its members in particular and the public in general and to help build the national economy in order to realize an advanced society , just and prosperous based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution . Advantages and Disadvantages of CooperativeThings that become excess cooperatives in Indonesia are :

    Is open and voluntary .
    The amount of principal and mandatory savings are not burdensome members .
    Each member has equal voting rights , not based on the amount of capital
    Aiming at improving the welfare of its members and not merely for profit .
Things that become weaknesses cooperatives in Indonesia are :

    Cooperative difficult to develop because of limited capital .
    Less cakapnya administrators in managing the cooperative .
    Administrators sometimes dishonest .
    Lack of cooperation between administrators , supervisors and members .
Cooperative examples Credit UnionsCredit unions are cooperatives that function more or less the same as the bank .The difference, credit unions do not take advantage or interest of the members of the borrower . Amount of money actually loaned with the goal of establishing appropriate business agreements made earlier .
 Cooperative ProducersProducer cooperative is a cooperative whose members are engaged in the production of goods . Ie , small to medium enterprises ( SMEs ) which established the home industri.Kegiatannya is the procurement of raw materials .
Enterprises / institutionsBusiness entity is a juridical entity ( law ) , technical , and economic aims for profit or gain . Enterprises often equated with the company , although the reality is different . The main difference , the entity is a temporary institution is a place where the company 's enterprises manage the factors of production .Types of Business Entities in IndonesiaØ SOEState Owned Enterprises ( or SOE ) is the capital of business entities wholly or partially owned by the Government . Status of agency employees - business enterprises are SOEs employees are not civil servants . SOE itself now there are 3 kinds Testament , Perum and Persero .Ø PerjanTestament is a form of state-owned enterprises which are wholly owned by the government . This Perjan oriented service to the community , so at a loss . Now there is no state-owned company that uses the model covenants because of the cost to maintain these covenants - covenants in accordance with the Act ( Act ) No. 19 of 2003 on SOEs . Example Testament : PJKA ( Railway Bureau Company ) has now turned into PT.KAIØ HousingHousing is already amended covenants . The goal is no longer oriented to profit oriented service but already . Just like Testament , Public Corporation is managed by state employees with status as a Public Servant . But the company is still losing money despite the status changed to Perum Testament , so the government was forced to sell some shares to the public Housing ( go public ) and converted into a limited company status .
Ø LimitedLimited is one of the enterprises that are managed by the State or Local . In contrast to the Housing or Testament , the first purpose built Persero is for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares . Limited headed by directors . While the employee 's status as private employees . Written business entity PT < company name > ( Persero ) . The company did not acquire state facilities . So from the above description , the characteristics Limited are :

    The main objective for profit ( Commercial )
    Capital partly or entirely derived from the wealth of a country that separated the stocks
    Led by directors
    Employee status as private employees
    Written business entity PT ( name of company ) (Limited )
    Not obtained state
Examples of companies that have a business entity Limited , among others :

    PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia ( Persero ) Tbk .
    PT Bank Mandiri ( Persero ) Tbk .
    PT Garuda Indonesia ( Persero )
    PT Angkasa Pura ( Persero )
    Mining and Oil Company PT (Persero )
    PT Tambang Bukit Asam ( Persero )
    PT Aneka Tambang ( Persero )
    PT National Sailing Indonesia ( Persero )
    PT PLN ( Persero )
    PT Pos Indonesia ( Persero )
    PT Kereta Api Indonesia ( Persero )
    PT Adhi Karya ( Persero )
    PT PLN ( Persero )
    Housing Company PT ( Persero )
    Waskitha PT Karya ( Persero )
    PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia ( Persero )
Ø BUMSPrivate -owned enterprises or private enterprises are enterprises established and financed by a person or group of people . Based on article 33 of the 1945 Constitution , the fields of activity given to the private sector is to manage the economic resources that are not vital and strategic or who do not master the lives of many people . Based on the legal form of private -owned enterprises distinguished by:

Ø Company GuildThe company is a partnership company that has 2 or more investors . There are 3 forms of partnership firm :1 . firmFirma ( Fa ) is a business entity which is established by two or more persons in which each member takes full responsibility for the company . Capital firms as well as the founding members came from earnings / profits distributed to members in accordance with the ratio of the deed of establishment .2 . Guild limited partnershipKommanditgesellschaft ( Commanditaire Vennootschap or CV ) is a partnership founded by two people or more . Guild limited partnership are 2 terms are: Allied is an active member of the lead / run a company and are fully responsible for the debts of the company . Allied passive / ally limited partnership is the only member of the general partner to invest and not to interfere in the affairs of the company's operations . Passive ally responsible for the risks that occur to the extent of invested capital . Gains from the company distributed according to the agreement .Ø Limited CompanyLimited liability company ( PT ) is a business entity whose capital is derived from the sale of shares . Each holder of shares have the right to the company and each holder of shares entitled to profits ( dividends ) .Ø FoundationThe Foundation is a business entity , but not a company for not for profit. This business entity established for the social and legal status .Strengths and Weaknesses of Business Entity1 . individual companiesPros :

    The entire profit be his . Form of individual companies allow owners to receive 100 % of profit generated company .
    Personal Satisfaction . The principle of leadership is a good reason to take a decision .
    Freedom and Flexibility . Owners of private companies do not need to consult with others in making decisions .
    Confidentiality properties . No need to be made of financial statements or information related to the company's financial problems . Thus the problem can not be exploited by competitors .

weaknesses :

    Unlimited responsibility of the owner . This means that all personal wealth as collateral , including to all the company's debts .
    Limited financial resources . Because the owner is only one person , the efforts made ​​to obtain the funding source depends only on ability .
    Difficulties in management . All activities such as purchasing , sales , purchases , setting forth the employee and held by a leader . It is more difficult when management held by some people .
    Business continuity is not guaranteed . The death of the leader or owner , bankruptcy , or other causes can lead this effort to stop its activities .
2 . Entity Firmexcess

    Due to the amount of capital is greater than the individual, firm enterprises to expand their business easier .
    The ability of enterprises management firm permbagian higher due to labor among the members . All decisions are taken together .
    Firm business entity does not require certificates , so it is relatively easy stance .
weakness

    The owner's responsibility is not limited to the company's entire debt .
    If a member cancels an agreement to run a joint venture entity will automatically be dissolved firm that corporate sustainability is uncertain .
    If one member makes a loss , then the loss is also borne by the other members .
3.Persekutuan Commanditaire ( CV )excess

    Greater capital collected .
    It easier to receive funds due to the limited partnership alliance enterprises is quite popular in Indonesia .
    Greater management capabilities .
    Establishment is relatively easy when compared to the limited liability company ( PT ) .


weakness

    As I have explained above , some of the members or allies in partnership limited partnership has unlimited liability .
    Survival is uncertain .
    It's hard to pull back the capital that has been planted , especially for US-led coalition .
4.Perseroan Limited ( PT )excess

    Limited liability of the shareholders to the company 's debts . The point is that if you happen to include shareholders and the company has a debt , you are only responsible for your deposited capital . Nothing more .
    Continuity of the company as a legal entity is more secure , because not dependent on some owners . Owners can keep changing .
    Easy to transfer ownership rights to sell shares to others .
    Easy to obtain additional capital to expand its business volume , for example, by issuing new shares .
    Management and specialization enables the management of capital resources to it efficiently . So if you have an incompetent manager , you can replace it with a more capable .
weakness

    PT is the subject of a separate tax . So not only is the company that is taxable . Dividends or net profits are distributed to shareholders taxed again as income tax . Surely the shareholders concerned .
    If you will set up a limited liability company , its establishment is much more difficult than other forms of business ownership . In its inception , the notary deed and PT require special permits for certain businesses .
    Formation costs are relatively high .
    For most people , the PT is considered less " secret" in the company kitchen . This is because all the activities of the company must be reported to shareholders . Moreover, concerning the company's profit .
5.Perseroan Limited (Persero )The surplusis for profit and the second providing service to the public . Founding capital is derived partly or wholly separated from the country's wealth in the form of shares .

The drawbackis not obtained State and The employees status as private employees
Regional 6.Perusahaan ( PD )The surplusis the company's profits and wealth for local development company separated from the country's wealthThe drawbackManagement of public enterprises is largely determined by the ability of local finance . A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of enterprises . SOE management is economically difficult to be accounted for .
State 7.Perusahaan General ( Housing )The surplus¯ All profits perum State an advantage .¯ Provide services for the community .¯ is the means to carry out the construction .
The drawbackHousing also has a v - Disadvantages Disadvantages are :¯ Management Public Corporation is largely determined by the financial capacity of the State .¯ A large number of rules ( bureaucracy ) can inhibit the development of the Public Corporation .¯ Management Public Corporation is economically difficult to be accounted for .
8.Perusahaan State Bureau ( covenants )excesscovenants are assured that of the state capital . Not for profit ( profit ) for prioritizing service to the community , so that the covenants are not affected by earnings .The drawback ,are less independent as a company included in its development .
9.Koperasiexcess

    Earnings management principle aims to foster the interests of members . For example, agricultural cooperatives set up pabik rice milling .
    Members of the cooperative role as consumers and producers .
    Voluntary basis , people gathered in cooperatives or log in with a volunteer basis .
    Prioritize the interests of Members .
shortage

    Limitations in the field of capital .
    Weak competitiveness .
    The low kesaran the member cooperatives .
    Ability professionals in the management of the cooperative .
10.YayasanThe surplusis helping people with non-profit socialThe drawbackis the limited funds that need
difference cooperatives and other business entitiesdimension
individual
firm
PT
cooperativeusersservice
not owner
generallynot owner
generallynot owner
General / MembersBusiness Owners
individual
allied effort
holderstock
memberwho hadvoting rights
no need
allies
holderstock
memberimplementationVote
no need
usually bythe amount of capitalinclusion
according to sizeshares heldthrough GMS
one member one vote andNot to be representeddeterminationwisdom
peoplerelevant
allies
management
managementfringe benefitsto capital
not limited
not limited
not limited
limitedreceiverprofit
the person gets
alliesproportionally
shareholderproportionally
corresponding memberservices / participation

TEKHNIK VERTIKULTUR

Vertikultur farming system is a system of agricultural cultivation is done vertically or terraced . This system is suitable to be applied in narrow lands or in densely populated settlements .The advantages of farming systems vertikultur are : 1 ) the efficiency of land use since grown much larger volume than conventional systems , ( 2 ) efficient use of fertilizers and pesticides , ( 3 ) the possible growth of grass and weeds are smaller , ( 4 ) can be moved easily because plants were placed in a particular container , ( 5 ) facilitate monitoring / maintenance of plants .Types of plants that can be grown this vertikultur very much , usually from commodity vegetables, ornamental plants or medicinal crops . Of vegetable commodities include: mustard , chives , pakcoi , kale , spinach , basil , caisim , celery , lettuce and onion leaf bowl . Vertikultur vegetable cultivation can be carried out in the yard to meet the food and nutrition needs of the family and also meminimalisirkan family expenses .Vertikultur cultivation models can be: Hanging Model , Model paste , Model Upright and Rack Model . Here is a model of vegetable crops in vertikultur simple shelf models :How to assemble a pot of guttering .Prepare a container plant rectangular guttering along the 150 ( one hundred fifty ) cm 3 (three ) pieces . Punch a hole through the bottom and cover the both sides .For shelves , prepare the wood lath with a length of 1 ( one ) meter by 5 ( five ) rods . Logs for three (3 ) rod size 1 ( one ) m . Wood lath size of 60 cm in a 2 ( two ) rods , size 45 cm number two (2 ) rods and 30 cm in number two (2 ) rods . Rangkailah the timber as shown below .Put the timber on the shelf guttering , downpipes and fill the pot with planting medium .Planting media :1 . Media planting a mixture of manure and soil with a volume ratio of 1:12 . Put into a planting medium that has been prepared guttering .Nursery and Planting :1 . For kale and spinach seed crops can be planted directly in the planting medium guttering . For pepper , eggplant , peppers , mustard seeds should be sown first. However, due to the small size of guttering , what plants are to be planted should be of concern . Plants that can be grown leaf plants usually include spinach , kale and collards .2 . How persemaiannya are seeds soaked in warm water ( ± 50 º C ) for 1 ( one ) hour . Seeding the seeds into the planting medium plastic tubs or trays , after the plants have 4-5 leaves between strands , the seedlings can be transferred directly into the gutter .3 . Transplanting into the gutter media must be very careful , keep the soil still attached to the plant roots . Perform planting in the afternoon or in the morning by immersing the roots of plants to limit neck .maintenance :1 . Watering is done by 2 ( two ) times a day ie morning and afternoon2 . Stitching is done when there is a dead plant3 . Fertilization can be done in 2 ways :a. By using a liquid fertilizer ( NPK ) complete as much as one (1) gram of thawed within 1 ( one ) liter of water and sprayed onto the leaves of the plant as much as 100-250 cc depending on the age of the crops or plants at intervals of 1-2 weeks.b . By using NPK were sprayed on the plants instead of growing media . The recommended dose of fertilizer for the growth phase is 2 tablespoons NPK/10 liters of water ( 1 bucket ) or a mixture of urea + SP36 + KCl in the ratio 2:1:1 .4 . Pest control should be done in the conventional / mechanically by pulling or cutting plant pests disease . Avoid the use of pesticides and when forced to use pesticides selectively and wisely.

FEATURES botanical ONION shallots

welding scientific 

Kingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass : Liliopsidaorder : AsparagalesFamily : Alliaceaegenus : Alliumspecies : A. cepabinomial nameAllium cepa var . aggregatum
Red onion family Alliaceae classed in the order Asparagales . Scientific name is Allium cepa var . aggregatum . Shallots are smaller and sweeter taste versus large onions . Shallots are seasonal crops . It has a layered bulbs ( bulbs ) , fibrous roots , and leaves a hollow cylindrical shape . Tubers are formed rather than the base of the leaf stems that come together and form then changes shape and function as if the bulbs plated . So , onion bulbs bukanlan actually like potato potato potato or yam keledek . He formed of layers of leaves later enlarged and united .Onion flavor is slightly spicy and windy .The contents of the wombhistorybotanical traits
Pieces of onion upright .Small herb 30-45 cm tall . Root fibers . Single leaf , spiral arrangement , with long tapered hujung , middle hollow leaves , light green , berkulat surface , has a strong fragrance . Majmuk flowers , white , contained in a bunch of flowers on long flower stalks , leaves grow in hujung . Fruit or small seeds . Bebawang leaves ( custom modified leaves ) contains a multi-layered , less than 3 cm in diameter .cultivationShallots should be planted in hot climates such as tropical and subtropical climates . Land suitable for onion is not menakung ground water . Onions may be grown by seeds and also bebawang . Shallots require water spray only twice a day , namely in the morning and evening time later . The use of compost for very early planting is encouraged . Pembajaan be done using steel Green NPK ( 15:15:15 ) .There are 3 types of onions are planted in Malaysia namely corresponding varieti of Siam , Indonesia and India . China types of onions grown in Malaysia is less appropriate yabg you indulge differing climate and the price is expensive . Land suitable for onions must necessarily have a good drains with pH 6.0 - 7.0 and should not be in tenggelami water . Planting onions should be made ​​on the size limit of 4-10 inches ( 12-30 cm ) tall and 36-48 inches wide ( 1.1-1.4 m ) wide and the length of follow conformity . Reapplied steel and preferably organic principles sungkupan dried rice straw used . Without sungkupan , newly planted seeds will rosak hakisan mainly due to precipitation and soil bris in Mersing .Bebawang seeds used fresh on the market ( type of Indian and Indonesian ) with a basket of reeds ( 8-10 environment kg ) . Exiled umbisi onions and cut a portion of the clump up a bit to mempercepatkaan growth during planting . If it does not cut through the upper portion of growth between 3-5 days . Seed requirements between -1.500 1.200 kg / ha . Onion seeds in the bag in a toxic fungus and toadstool poison before being planted at a distance of 13 cm x 13 cm ( 5 inches x 5 inches ) with 2/3 in the soil . Watering is run once a day and do not let too wet or submerged because the onions will be rotten .reapingHarvesting should be done when all the leaves have fallen namely onions about 6 to 8 weeks after planting . Let the harvest is done when the weather is dry so that the onions be stored longer . Harvesting the rain after his deep need to be circumvented onions will be vulnerable if the fungus wet when harvested . How to reap the onion is to unplug it from the ground and then dried so all over the dry leaves .Principal onions mature and be harvested after 75-90 days namely when planted leeks have started to dry and fall . Clumps were harvested onions tied and dried under good aeration system . The onions can be retained and may be used initially to be used as seed plants and sebahagian be sold . Studies in Malaysia have a kernel of onions will flourish as between 15-25 beans though cognate bebawang studies in India have reached 40 -60 seeds / clump .diseasePerosakAttacks hundred caterpillars ( Spodoptera litura ) but no less serious . Disease is a major onion leaf blight or tompok and escort with Mancozeb be executed . Other diseases are due to submerged rotten onions or toadstool attack . Purple tompok disease ( Altenaria porri ) be escorted by poison toadstool . Disease shoots white ( White tips ) may cause the leaves so dry and the results are very less .propertyRed onion contains vitamin C , potassium , fiber and folic acids . It also contains calcium , iron and protein. [ Need citation needed ]Several investigations have been carried out on the efficacy of red onions on human kesihatan . From the results of the investigation , they found bahawa shallots contains two main Sebatian . Sebatian first is as allyl propyl sulfur disulphida ( APDS ) and flavonoids are also Sebatian both as quercetin . Flavonoids are believed to reduce the risk of kanser , heart disease and diabetes you indulge it has elements of the anti - kanser , anti - bacterial , anti - viral , anti - allergenic and anti - inflammatory . Of the current investigation , onion dapati kanser effective against liver cells . Shallots found contains 6 times the phenolic content of double versus regular onions ( big onions ) . Shallots may help the liver remove toxins from the body and he has to escape and kill saponins kanser cells .Shallots are also found to be kanser avoid stomach . He took an anti -coagulant that may dilute the blood and so increases the high stage anti - platelet aktiviti good for symptomatic pesakit antherosclerotic , cardiovascular disease , heart attack and stroke . It also helps improve brain function so reduce the risk of Alzheimer 's disease . Shallots also be stage deduct sugar for those with diabetes should be entitled menghadkan keberkesanan elevate insulin and glucose metabolism .Eating onions every day may help the growth of bone tissue and reduce the risk of osteoporosis so that 20 % . He contains Prostaglandin A - 1 , a powerful agent to reduce blood pressure ( blood pressure) . Sulfur content may also help the skin look younger .

CIRI BOTANI BAWANG MERAH

Bawang merah
Pengelasan saintifik
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Liliopsida
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Alliaceae
Genus:	Allium
Species:	A. cepa
Nama binomial
Allium cepa var. aggregatum

Bawang merah dikelaskan dalam keluarga Alliaceae dalam order Asparagales. Nama saintifik adalah Allium cepa var. aggregatum. Bawang merah lebih kecil serta lebih manis rasanya berbanding bawang besar. Bawang merah merupakan tanaman semusim. Ia memiliki umbi yang berlapis (bulb), berakar serabut, dan daun berbentuk silinder berongga. Umbinya terbentuk daripada pangkal daun yang bersatu dan membentuk batang yang kemudian berubah bentuk dan fungsinya yang seakan-akan umbi berlapis. Jadi, umbi bawang merah bukanlan ubi sebenarnya seperti ubi kentang ataupun ubi keledek. Ia terbentuk dari lapisan-lapisan daun yang membesar dan kemudiannya bersatu.

Rasa bawang merah adalah sedikit pedas dan berangin.

Isi kandungan

Sejarah

Ciri botani

Potongan tegak bawang merah.

Herba kecil setinggi 30-45 cm. Akar serabut. Daun tunggal, susunan berpilin, panjang dengan hujung meruncing, tengah daun berlubang, berwarna hijau muda, permukaan berkulat, mempunyai aroma yang kuat. Bunga majmuk, putih, terdapat dalam jambak bunga di atas tangkai bunga yang panjang, tumbuh di hujung daun. Buah atau biji-biji kecil. Bebawang adalah daun (daun terubah suai) berisi yang berlapis-lapis, diameter kurang dari 3 cm.

Penanaman

Bawang merah boleh ditanam pada tempat beriklim panas seperti iklim tropika dan subtropika. Tanah yang sesuai untuk bawang merah adalah tanah yang tak menakung air. Bawang boleh ditanam melalui biji benih dan juga bebawang. Bawang merah memerlukan siraman air hanya dua kali sehari, iaitu di waktu pagi sekali dan petang kemudiannya. Penggunaan kompos untuk awal penanaman adalah amat digalakkan. Pembajaan boleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan baja NPK Hijau (15:15:15).

Terdapat 3 jenis bawang yang sesuai ditanam di Malaysia iaitu varieti dari Siam, Indonesia dan India. Bawang jenis dari China kurang sesuai ditanam di Malaysia kerana iklim yabg berbeza dan harganya pun mahal. Tanah yang sesuai untuk bawang merah mestilah mempunyai saliran yang baik dengan pH 6.0 - 7.0 dan tidak boleh di tenggelami air. Penanaman bawang mesti dibuat di atas batas berukuran 4-10 inci (12-30 cm) tinggi dan lebar 36-48 inci (1.1-1.4 m) lebar serta panjang ikut kesesuaian. Dibubuh baja asas organik dan sebaiknya sungkupan jerami padi kering digunakan. Tanpa sungkupan, benih yang baru ditanam akan rosak akibat hujan dan hakisan terutama tanah bris di Mersing.

Benih bebawang segar di pasaran digunakan (jenis India dan Indonesia) dengan sebakul buluh (lingkungan 8-10 kg). Asingkan umbisi bawang dari rumpun dan potong bahagian atas sedikit untuk mempercepatkaan pertumbuhan semasa penanaman. Kalau tidak dipotong bahagian atas lewat pertumbuhan antara 3-5 hari. Keperluan benih antara 1,200 -1,500 kg/ ha. Biji bawang di celup dalam racun cendawan dan racun kulat sebelum ditanam dengan jarak 13 cm x 13 cm (5 inci x 5 inci) dengan 2/3 dalam tanah. Penyiraman dijalankan sekali sehari dan jangan biarkan terlalu basah atau terendam sebab bawang akan reput.

Penuaian

Penuaian boleh dilakukan apabila semua daun bawang merah telah rebah iaitu sekitar 6 hingga 8 minggu selepas penanaman. Tuaian hendaklah dilakukan ketika cuaca kering agar bawang boleh disimpan lama. Penuaian perlu dielakkan selepas hujan kerana bawang akan mudah diserang fungus jika basah ketika dituai. Cara menuai bawang adalah dengan mencabut ia dari atas tanah dan kemudian dijemur sehingga semua daun atas kering.

Pokok bawang matang dan boleh dituai selepas 75 - 90 hari ditanam iaitu apabila daun bawang telah mulai kering dan rebah. Rumpun bawang yang dituai diikat dan dikeringkan dibawah sistem pengudaraan yang baik. Bawang ini tahan disimpan dan boleh digunakan semula untuk dijadikan benih tanaman dan sebahagian boleh dijual. Kajian di Malaysia mendapati sebiji bawang akan membiak sebanyak antara 15 - 25 biji bebawang serumpun walaupun kajian mendapati di India mencapai 40 -60 biji/rumpun.

Penyakit

Perosak

Serangan ulat ratus (Spodoptera litura) ada tetapi kurang serius. Penyakit utama bawang ialah hawar daun atau tompok dan kawalan dengan Mancozeb boleh dijalankan. Penyakit lain ialah reput bawang akibat terendam atau serangan kulat. Serangan penyakit tompok ungu (Altenaria porri) boleh dikawal dengan racun kulat. Penyakit pucuk putih (White tips) boleh menyebabkan daun jadi kering dan hasil sangat kurang.

Khasiat

Bawang merah mengandungi vitamin C, potassium, serat dan asid folik. Ia juga mengandungi kalsium, zat besi dan protein yang tinggi.^{[perlu rujukan]}

Beberapa penyelidikan telah dijalankan tentang khasiat bawang merah terhadap kesihatan manusia. Dari hasil penyelidikan tersebut, mereka mendapati bahawa bawang merah mengandungi 2 sebatian utama. Sebatian pertama ialah sulfur seperti allyl propyl disulphida (APDS) dan sebatian kedua pula ialah flavonoids seperti quercetin. Flavonoid dipercayai mengurangkan risiko kanser, penyakit jantung dan kencing manis kerana ia mempunyai unsur-unsur anti-kanser, anti-bakteria, anti-viral, anti-allergenic dan anti-inflammatory. Dari penyelidikan terkini, bawang merah di dapati effektif terhadap sel kanser hati. Bawang merah didapati mengandungi 6 kali ganda kandungan phenolic berbanding bawang biasa (bawang besar). Bawang merah boleh menolong hati membuang toksin dari badan dan ia mempunyai saponins untuk menghindar dan membunuh sel kanser.

Bawang merah juga didapati boleh menghindarkan kanser perut. Ia mengeluarkan anti-coagulant yang boleh mencairkan darah dan seterusnya meningkatkan tahap tinggi aktiviti anti-platelet yang baik untuk pesakit symptomatic antherosclerotic, kardiovaskular, serangan jantung dan strok. Ia juga membantu meningkatkan fungsi otak seterusnya mengurangkan risiko penyakit Alzheimer's. Bawang merah juga boleh mengurangkan tahap gula bagi mereka yang menpunyai kencing manis dengan menghadkan keberkesanan insulin dan meninggikan metabolisma glukosa.

Memakan bawang merah setiap hari boleh membantu penumbuhan tisu tulang dan mengurangkan risiko osteoporosis sehingga 20%. Ia mengandungi Prostaglandin A-1, agen yang kuat untuk mengurangkan tekanan darah (blood pressure). Kandungan sulfurnya juga boleh membantu kulit kelihatan muda.